David Deutsch's Case Against Induction

In The Fabric of Reality (TFoR), chapter 3, David Deutsch mounts a direct critique of inductivism.

This is worth understanding because inductive reasoning is still widely used to form beliefs about reality, and it gives the illusion of justification and plays no role in how genuine knowledge is created.

When the Word Must Be Proven: A Challenge to Christian Epistemology

Christians believe the Bible is the inspired and authoritative Word of God - the foundation on which their faith and doctrines rest. Over the centuries, however, scholars have identified thousands of variations in the surviving manuscripts. Most variants are minor; a smaller subset involves added or omitted lines and paragraphs.

To recover the earliest attainable form of the text, theologians, historians, and philologists use Textual Criticism - a scholarly method that compares manuscripts to determine which wording is most likely original and to understand why changes occurred.

The existence of significant variants raises a difficult question: How can anyone be certain that the Scriptures we read today are truly the Word of God? If the content of revelation itself must be reconstructed through human comparison and inference, then certainty about what God originally revealed becomes dependent on those human processes.

Among the available scholarly tools - historical study, archaeology, linguistic analysis - Textual Criticism remains the most systematic and widely accepted way to examine the textual foundations of Scripture.

Yet, as Jersey Flight argues, this reliance on scholarship and publicly assessable evidence introduces a paradox: if something external to the Word of God is required to verify it, then its claim to divine authority is placed in question.

The very act of appealing to evidence and human reason to confirm revelation suggests that, at least epistemically, revelation is not sufficient to confirm itself.

If one accepts Jersey’s argument, then it is not merely the authority of Scripture that stands in doubt, but the entire Christian edifice built upon it.

Todd McGowan uses Hegel to refute Ayn Rand

In Emancipation After Hegel, Todd McGowan refutes Ayn Rand’s use of the Law of Identity as the foundational axiom underpinning her political defense of laissez-faire capitalism.